Adipose tissue, also known as fat, has been found to be a rich source of stem cells as well as other cell types that contribute to the natural healing process in humans.
Known as adipose-derived stem cells, researchers have prompted them to convert to fat, bone, cartilage and muscle and believe these cells could help treat heart conditions, heal broken bones, and even be used in reconstructive surgery.
Now stem cells derived from human fat tissue have shown early success in reconstructive surgeries in more than 30 patients in Japan who underwent facial and breast procedures, it was reported October 24.
The results from an investigator-initiated study by Dr. Kotaro Yoshimura of Tokyo University in Japan were presented today at the annual meeting of the International Fat Applied Technology Society in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Yoshimura performed an innovative stem cell treatment on 39 patients who underwent procedures ranging from repair of congenital facial and breast defects, aesthetic enhancements to breast reconstruction following partial mastectomy.
The procedure is similar to a conventional lipo-injection. Yoshimura’s team lipo-suctioned fat from his patients, concentrated stem cells found in the fat, then injected the fat and stem cells into the areas of damaged tissue.
Each patient received his or her own fat and stem cells.
Until now, doctors have injected fat into damaged tissue to give physical or mechanical support.
However, eventual loss of that fat, called atrophy, is now a common occurrence in patients who have had injected fat therapy.
Yoshimura observed minimal atrophy in his patients, and believes the stem cells were a key to keeping fat healthy and allowing it to rejuvenate.
“Stem cells derived from fat tissue appear to act through the promotion of blood vessels as a way to increase the survival of the transplanted tissue as well as continue to tissue turnover after transplantation by forming new fat cells, helping to preserve tissue volume,” said Yoshimura. “These are early findings for which more research is required prior to making such a treatment broadly available, however these clinical results demonstrate the potential for stem cells derived from fat tissue.”
Yoshimura also said that 70-percent of all complications arising from cosmetic surgery are linked to use of artificial materials.
Stem cell enriched-fat, therefore, holds the promise of eliminating those complications.
“Fat is considered to be much more than just those extra pounds we carry around,” said Dr. Jeffrey Gimble of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge. “It’s a dynamic tissue that holds secrets to treating disease. Unlocking the potential of stem cells found in fat tissue is just the beginning.”
Meanwhile, a separate research team led by Lorenza Lazzari, Ph.D., released work that supports the thought that fat stem cells within transplanted fat can improve lipo-injection therapy.
Lazzari’s team extracted patients’ fat from their abdomen and thigh (lipo-suction) from 12 patients and then injected the fat into patients’ vocal folds.
This therapy is used following damage due to disease or anatomical defect.
Until now, the team believed the injected fat offered only mechanical or structural support of the vocal folds.
Prior to injection, however, the team also sampled the fat for laboratory analysis.
Lazzari’s team found that this procedure gave vocal abilities and normal speech to their patient for the long-term – 1 to two years so far.
The injected fat remained healthier and showed rejuvenation.
To determine why, the team analyzed the fat tissue used for injection and found the presence of stem cells.
Lazzari believes that adult stem cells (ASCs) residing naturally in fat tissue may enhance the rejuvenation of damaged vocal folds.
Sample analysis indicated that ASCs in fat samples were present and able to differentiate into various cell types and may act as a source to provide regenerative abilities in vocal fold tissue.
The International Fat Applied Technology Society brings together different disciplines within the field in order to share knowledge, influence policy and exchange new ideas.
Turning Fat Stem Cells Into Pre-Fat Cells
Another fat-related finding released October 24 showed a human virus targets fat stem cells to cause formation of more, fatter, fat cells.
The finding may lead to new insights into the study of obesity, according to researchers.
Magdalena Pasarica, Ph.D., released her new work on the fat-targeting virus at the IFATS meeting.
Pasarica is a researcher with the Pennington Biomedical Research Center.
She has been studying human adenovirus-36 (Ad-36) role in human obesity. Adenoviruses are the same viruses that cause colds.
Earlier researchers have concluded that Ad-36 may be contributors to obesity by super-charging fat cells to grow store more fat.
Until now, though, those researchers thought the viruses targeted “pre-fat” cells (called pre-adipocytes), causing them to convert in higher numbers to fat cells and causing those fat cells to be larger.
Those studies were in mice.
Pasarica’s work determines the virus targets stem cells in humans.
Her research shows the virus goes to work before the formation of human pre-fat cells by targeting the stem cells that would eventually convert to pre-fat cells.
The virus causes more stem cells to convert to pre-fat cells and causes the pre-fat cells to become bigger fat cells.
Contact: http://www.ifats.org
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